Modern visual restoration operations are high tech and safe procedures with which we can eliminate almost any ophthalmic problem.They have been used successfully for several decades, so that the methods constantly develop, expand and become more effective.The improvement of the visual functions is achieved by hardware correction of the shape of the cornea, the lens, the retina and other elements of the optical eye system.The correctly selected technology not only makes it possible to fully restore vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.From the article you will learn which ophthalmic operations, indications for the use and possible risks exist.
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Thanks to the development of hardware methods of medicine, visual and minimally invasive procedures are reliable and minimally invasive.Their duration does not exceed several hours, and no complex rehabilitation measures will be required in the future.The choice of the surgical treatment method is selected depending on the illness, age and general disease of the patient's visual apparatus.
Laser correction
The most popular type of operation to correct visual acuity.Nowadays, these are polished high -Tech methods with high efficiency and minimal risk of complication.Allow them to deal with myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism.After the procedure, the visual acuity is maintained for a long time.If you follow all the instructions of an ophthalmologist, you can completely avoid repeated interventions.There are different types of laser corrections:
- Lasik.The basic type of operation to restore the visual acuity.First, the surface layer of the cornea is separated by a microcarate, and then a laser beam is to change its shape.The main disadvantage of this type of correction is the inability to take into account the individual properties of the patient's eye anatomy.
- Super Lasik.An advanced version of traditional LASIK methodology.Enables you to get a better result because the structure of the patient's visual system is taken into account.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.A similar type of operation, the only difference is that the cut of the cornea is not carried out by a microcarate, but by a special femo laser.There is an improved version in which the course of the operation depends on the individual characteristics of the patient - super femto lasik;
- Epi lasic.The mechanism of the procedure is identical to the traditional LASIK method, but such an operation is only prescribed for patients with diluted cornea (acquired or innate).
- PRK (FRK).The keratectomy for the photo refraction has been carried out since 1985.Today it is used in the presence of contraindications for normal correction methods, for example with a subtle cornea, serious eye diseases.The healing process is always painful, the recovery phase takes longer than with other methods.
Visual correction processes do not last longer than 15 minutes.After the procedure, wearing a protective association for several hours and 1-2 months must be worn.The risk of complications is minimal, repeated treatment is required, with a significant acceptance.
Vitrectomy
This is a procedure for the complete or partial removal of the vitreous body of the eyeball.It is carried out under general or local anesthesia if there is no complications in 2-3 hours.First, small punctures are carried out in the eye socket through which subsequent manipulations are carried out.This is usually cauterization by a laser of the affected areas of the retina, the compression of abroad or the restoration of fabric integrity.The procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- Restoration of the visual functions after bleeding in the tissue of the eye;
- Prevention of age -related retinal detachment;
- Treatment of severe retinopathy of the eyes in which rough scars or neovascularization (germination of blood vessels) occur.
Artificial polymers, gas bubbles, silicone oil or a balanced salt solution are used as a replacement for the vitreous body.The latter type is used more frequently because no repeated operation is required in the future - the salt solution is then replaced by intraocular liquid.
After the operation, side effects are possible in the form of swelling of the cornea, increasing intraocular pressure or even more eyesight.The restoration and forecast depends on the vastness of the lesion and the type of prosthesis when the vitreous is replaced.If there are irreversible changes in the optic nerve, the visual correction is almost impossible.
Scleroplasty
A frequent ophthalmic procedure that aims to strengthen the outer shell (sclera).It is prescribed not to correct visual functions, but to stabilize the degree of myopia in the risk group.It is recommended to suffer from young people with this problem, since the shape of the eye actively changes at this age.
During the operation, the required amount of material flaps is inserted to strengthen the sclera behind the back wall of the eyeball.Polymers or biological components are usually used.Then a spike occurs with the outer shell, and after a few months the blood vessels, which are necessary to maintain the visual functions, grow into the flap.There is a simplified version of scleroplastics.It is an introduction of an artificial or biological substance for the eyeball.The mechanism of action in such a technology is identical - the growth of the eyeball prevents.
Scleroplasty
This is a well -studied operation that practically does not change over the years.It is carried out in most clinics.There were practically no side effects, with the exception of possible allergies against the drug.As a rule, a second operation is required.
Replace the lens
The necessary operation, which is prescribed in the lens during the cloudy or other degenerative processes, e.g.B. cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but the implant is selected individually depending on the age, gender and severity of the pathological changes in the eye.The crystal sentence is prescribed in the following cases:
- High degree of myopia and farsightedness;
- significant decrease in the refraction;
- Regenerative processes in the eye, age -related decrease in eyesight;
- the impossibility of restoring the laser view;
- Cataract;
- The likelihood of developing glaucoma against a background of a systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure always takes place under local anesthesia.During the operation, the surgeon makes a small cut with a laser, whereupon the lens of the patient dilutes with a special tool and removes it from the eye.Then a prepared transplant is installed.The intervention does not take longer than 25 minutes, the subsequent imposition of seams and recovery in the hospital is not necessary.
The company is carried out in most private and state clinics.Usually there are no complications after manipulation, but the following laser vision correction is often prescribed.In rare cases, a replacement of the lens is required.
Keratoplastics (replacement of the cornea)
One of the most modern and complex ophthalmic operations associated with many risks and requires a high qualification of the surgeon.It is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity and the physiological functions of the cornea.It is prescribed for the treatment of congenital or acquired defects that were obtained as a result of injuries or illnesses.A healthy material for the transplant is only taken for donors, but the development of the artificial replacement is carried out in many countries.Keratoplastics are recommended to solve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal diseases (Belko, sound disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital defects.
The operation is not carried out for more than 30 minutes.During the procedure, the surgeon eliminates part of the patient's cornea with a laser or a special scalpel and implanted dispenser in its place.The seams can exist for up to a year, according to which a special lens is selected to reduce the risk of infection.The recovery phase is 4 weeks in which the antibiotic is required, but regular examinations are regularly required for the entire following year.
In recent years it has been possible to significantly reduce the risk of rejection of donor tissue due to the use of special compositions during its processing and maintenance.
Lasecoagulation of the retina
The operating method for restoring the retinal tissue.The effectiveness of the method is more than 70%and you can return to the usual lifestyle 24 hours after your implementation.Ownaries are required within one year of the procedure.
Today the operation is carried out with a laser with which you can do without without blood loss.Anesthesia takes place under local, the time time does not take more than 20 minutes.
Before exposure to the laser, drops fall off to expand the pupil, and then put on a special protective lens through which exposure occurs at low frequencies.Due to high temperatures, glue damaged cells and small blood vessels.
The coagulation process is required for damage and pathologies of the retina as well as the eyes and diseases of the vascular system of this organ.Inflammation and cloudy are possible after operation.For several years after the correction, it is impossible to do severe physical work and active sports.
Networking
An effective method for the treatment of various diseases of the cornea.It is carried out to strengthen the ligaments and other fibers in corneal tissue, which is required for keratoconus of different degrees or degenerative processes, dystrophy.
The operation is carried out under local anesthesia.First, a small part of the cornea is cut off with a special device, and vitamin B2 is inserted into the open area.After the subsequent irradiation, you can compress more than 200%compact fabrics.In the first week after the operation, a protective lens must be protected and checked by a doctor for 6 months.The effect of the procedure remains for 10 years, then repeated operation is required.
Complications are observed in rare cases.The patient can occur vision, inflammation or cloudy of the cornea.
Treatment of glaucoma
Ophthalmological operation for various glaucoma is required if drug therapy does not achieve the required result.The operation is carried out with a laser or surgically.
The laser method is considered the most successful.He is completely painless for the patient and there is practically no complications.During the procedure, a hole is made with a beam through which the liquid is removed from the eye tissue to normalize the pressure.It is used to treat all types of glaucoma.
Manual surgical operating type is less effective because there is a risk of complications according to the procedure.As a rule, this is a non -flogging deep sclerectomy.The purpose of the method is to reduce the one that is being understood using a slight thinning of the cornea layer.
The effect in both types of operations is reduced over time.On average, a second operation is required after 5-7 years.This period can be extended with competent medication.
Conclusions
Nowadays, a number of surgical interventions for visual care are carried out in most modern eye clinics.These are precise methods with high tech that you can use to solve almost every eye defect.The choice of the method depends on a number of factors - age, illness, individual properties of the structure of the patient's visual system.After the operation, the effect occurs almost immediately, and if all recipes of the doctor are observed, the visual acuity can be preserved for a long time.